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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morskoj gidrofizičeskij žurnal</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Physical Oceanography</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Морской гидрофизический журнал</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">0233-7584</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20230101</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29039/0233-7584-2023-1-5-20</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">PCDVHM</article-id>
      
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Thermohydrodynamics of the ocean and the atmosphere</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Термогидродинамика океана и атмосферы</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Energy Balance in the Polar Mesoscale Cyclone over the Barents Sea</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Баланс энергии в полярном мезоциклоне над Баренцевым морем</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0949-2040</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">Q-4144-2016</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57205741734</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Iarovaia</surname>
              <given-names>D. A.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Яровая</surname>
              <given-names>Д. А.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, отдел взаимодействия атмосферы и океана, ФГБУН ФИЦ МГИ (299011, Россия, г. Севастополь, ул. Капитанская, д. 2), кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio>
          <email>darik777@mhi-ras.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0949-2040</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">P-2063-2017</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6602381894</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Efimov</surname>
              <given-names>V. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Ефимов</surname>
              <given-names>В. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий отделом взаимодействия атмосферы и океана, ФГБУН ФИЦ МГИ (299011, Россия, г. Севастополь, ул. Капитанская, д. 2), доктор физико-математических наук, профессор</p></bio>
          <email>vefim38@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>Sevastopol</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Морской гидрофизический институт РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Севастополь</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-02-28" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>39</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>5</fpage>
      <lpage>20</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-03">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2022-09-14">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-08">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Iarovaia D.A., Efimov V.V.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Яровая Д.А., Ефимов В.В.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Iarovaia D.A., Efimov V.V.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яровая Д.А., Ефимов В.В.</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2023/01/01/" xlink:title="Страница статьи">https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2023/01/01/</self-uri>

      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p><bold>Purpose.</bold> The purpose of the paper is to study the effect of sea ice cover on the intensity of the polar mesoscale cyclone that took place on March 15–16, 2021 over the Barents Sea.</p>
        <p><bold>Methods and Results.</bold> To study the cyclone numerically, the polar version of the mesoscale WRF model was used. In the performed numerical experiment, the sea ice in the computational domain was replaced by water the temperature of which was 271.46 K. To identify the main factors amplifying the polar mesoscale cyclone, the balance equation for the space-average cyclone kinetic energy was applied. The basic components of the kinetic energy balance equation were considered: the work of pressure gradient force, Fpres, the advection effect and the work of inertial forces Adv, and also the work of turbulent friction force Ffric. It was found that the removal of sea ice from the computational domain had resulted in a decrease of the polar mesoscale cyclone intensity. The values of Fpres, Adv and Ffric in the main calculation were quantitatively compared to those in the experiment, and it was shown that the intensity decrease had become mainly a result of a decrease in Fpres and Adv.</p>
        <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Decrease of Fpres is a consequence of the fact that in the control run, the northern part of the polar mesoscale cyclone was located above the sea ice, and the surface air temperature in this part was 25–30 °C lower than in the southern one. The removal of sea ice led to an increase in surface air temperature at the cyclone periphery and to a decrease in the surface pressure drop between the vortex center and periphery. The Adv decrease is related to deformation of the cyclone in the experiment, which resulted in increase in the fluctuating component of the azimuthal and radial velocities. Both of these factors have led to a decrease of the polar mesoscale cyclone intensity in the experiment.</p>
      </abstract>

      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Цель работы – исследовать влияние морского ледового покрова на интенсивность полярного мезомасштабного циклона, существовавшего 15–16 марта 2021 г. над Баренцевым морем.</p>
        <p><bold>Методы и результаты.</bold> Для численного исследования циклона использовалась полярная версия мезомасштабной модели WRF. Проведен численный эксперимент, в котором морской лед в расчетной области заменили водой с температурой 271,46 К. Чтобы выявить основные факторы усиления полярного мезомасштабного циклона, использовали уравнение баланса средней по пространству кинетической энергии циклона. Рассмотрены основные составляющие уравнения баланса кинетической энергии: работа силы, обусловленной радиальным градиентом давления, Fpress, влияние адвекции и работа инерционных сил Adv, а также работа силы турбулентного трения Ffric. Получено, что удаление морского льда из расчетной области привело к уменьшению интенсивности полярного мезомасштабного циклона. Проведено количественное сравнение величин Fpress, Adv и Ffric в основном расчете и в эксперименте и показано, что уменьшение интенсивности произошло в основном в результате уменьшения Fpress и Adv.</p>
        <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Уменьшение Fpress является следствием того, что в основном расчете северная часть полярного мезомасштабного циклона располагалась над морским льдом и температура приповерхностного воздуха в этой части была на 25–30 °С ниже, чем в южной. Удаление морского льда привело к увеличению приповерхностной температуры воздуха на периферии циклона и уменьшению приповерхностного перепада давления между центром и периферией вихря. Уменьшение Adv связано с деформацией циклона в эксперименте, вследствие чего произошло увеличение пульсационной составляющей азимутальной и радиальной скорости. Оба этих фактора и привели к понижению интенсивности полярного мезомасштабного циклона в эксперименте.</p>
      </trans-abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>polar mesoscale cyclone</kwd>
        <kwd>mesoscale atmospheric modeling</kwd>
        <kwd>numerical experiment</kwd>
        <kwd>sea ice</kwd>
        <kwd>WRF model</kwd>
        <kwd>energy balance</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>полярный мезомасштабный циклон</kwd>
        <kwd>мезомасштабное атмосферное моделирование</kwd>
        <kwd>численный эксперимент</kwd>
        <kwd>морской лед</kwd>
        <kwd>модель WRF</kwd>
        <kwd>баланс энергии</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of project FNNN-2021-0002 “Fundamental studies of interaction processes in the ocean-atmosphere system determining regional spatial-temporal variability of natural environment and climate” (code “Ocean-atmosphere interaction”).</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках проекта FNNN-2021-0002 «Фундаментальные исследования процессов взаимодействия в системе океан-атмосфера, определяющих региональную пространственно-временную изменчивость природной среды и климата» (шифр «Взаимодействие океана и атмосферы»).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

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