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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morskoj gidrofizičeskij žurnal</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Physical Oceanography</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Морской гидрофизический журнал</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">0233-7584</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20230106</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29039/0233-7584-2023-1-84-105</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">PMNYHY</article-id>
      
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Mathematical modeling of marine systems</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Математическое моделирование морских систем</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of the Wind Speed and Wave Heights Simulation in the Kara Sea Using the COSMO-CLM and WAVEWATCH III Models</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Оценка качества моделирования скорости ветра и высоты волн в Карском море с использованием моделей COSMO-CLM и WAVEWATCH III</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7700-4398</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Myslenkov</surname>
              <given-names>S. A.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Мысленков</surname>
              <given-names>С. А.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник кафедры океанологии Географического факультета, МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова (119991, г. Москва, ул. Ленинские горы, д.1); кандидат физико-математических наук. Также: Гидрометеорологический научно-исследовательский центр Российской Федерации, Москва, Россия; Институт океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН, Москва, Россия</p></bio>
          <email>stasocean@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7256-1451</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Platonov</surname>
              <given-names>V. S.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Платонов</surname>
              <given-names>В. С.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник кафедры метеорологии и климатологии Географического факультета, МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова (119991, г. Москва, ул. Ленинские горы, д.1), кандидат географических наук</p></bio>
          <email>vplatonov86@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution>
          <addr-line>Moscow</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution>
          <addr-line>Москва</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>
      <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Hydrometeorological Research Centre of Russian Federation</institution>
          <addr-line>Moscow</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Гидрометеорологический научно-исследовательский центр Российской Федерации</institution>
          <addr-line>Москва</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>
      <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>Moscow</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Институт океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Москва</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-02-28" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>39</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>84</fpage>
      <lpage>105</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-30">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2022-10-03">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-08">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Myslenkov S.A., Platonov V.S.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Мысленков С.А., Платонов В.С.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Myslenkov S.A., Platonov V.S.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мысленков С.А., Платонов В.С.</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2023/01/06/" xlink:title="Страница статьи">https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2023/01/06/</self-uri>

      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p><bold>Purpose.</bold> The work is aimed to obtain the quality estimates of the results of modeling the wind speed and wave heights in the Kara Sea.</p>
        <p><bold>Methods and Results.</bold> The COSMO-CLM model was used to simulate the atmospheric conditions, and the WAVEWATCH III model – to obtain the wave parameters with high resolution in the coastal zone. Eight COSMO-CLM-based numerical experiments including various model options and grid sizes from 12 to 2.8 km were carried out for the periods September – October, 2012 and August – September, 2014. To assess the quality of wind speed and wave height modeling, the data of the CryoSat and SARAL satellites, as well as the coastal weather stations were used. Statistical indicators for assessing the quality of wind and wave reproduction for different model configurations were obtained. The wind speed assessing was best provided by the COSMO-CLM model configuration with the ~ 12 km resolution in the basic domain and the ~ 3 km resolution in the nested one; at that in both cases the "spectral nudging" technology was used. Verification using the weather stations data and the satellite measurements performed for the model optimal configuration, has shown that for the wind speed, the average correlation coefficients were ~ 0.8, the bias varied from 0.1 to 0.4 m/s and the RMS error was 1.7–1.8 m/s. As for the wave height assessments, the best result was obtained when the wind fields with the 3 and 10 km resolutions were applied (the RMS error was ~ 0.4 m and the correlation coefficient was ~ 0.87).</p>
        <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> It is shown that in all the cases, application of the "spectral nudging" technology improves quality of the wind speed and wave height modeling performed due to the COSMO-CLM – WW3 system for the Kara Sea region. Quality of the results of wind field reproduction using the COSMO-CLM model with the ~ 3 km resolution is comparable to quality of the ERA5 and CFSv2 reanalyses. Since mesoscale modeling provides a more detailed wind field spatial structure, especially in the coastal regions, the results permit to use the wind fields with the 3 km resolution for a wide range of scientific and applied tasks.</p>
      </abstract>

      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Цель работы – получить оценки качества результатов моделирования скорости ветра и высоты волн в Карском море.</p>
        <p><bold>Методы и результаты.</bold> Метеорологические характеристики получены при помощи модели COSMO-CLM, а волновые параметры – на основе модели WAVEWATCH III с высоким разрешением в прибрежной зоне. Проведено восемь численных экспериментов с разными настройками и различным шагом по пространству атмосферной модели от 2,8 до 12 км. Эксперименты выполнены для периодов сентябрь – октябрь 2012 г. и август – сентябрь 2014 г. Для оценки качества моделирования скорости ветра и высоты волн использовались данные спутников CryoSat и SARAL, а также данные прибрежных метеостанций. Получены статистические показатели оценки качества воспроизведения ветра и волн для разных конфигураций моделей. При оценке скорости ветра наилучший результат обеспечивает конфигурация модели COSMO-CLM с разрешением на базовой области ~ 12 км, на вложенной ~ 3 км с использованием технологии «спектральной подкачки». Верификация по данным метеостанций и спутниковых измерений для оптимальной конфигурации показала, что для скорости ветра коэффициенты корреляции составляют в среднем ~ 0,8, систематическая ошибка – 0,1–0,4 м/с, среднеквадратическая ошибка – 1,7–1,8 м/с. При оценке высоты волн наилучший результат получен при использовании полей ветра с разрешением 3 и 10 км (среднеквадратическая ошибка ~ 0,4 м, коэффициент корреляции ~ 0,87).</p>
        <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Показано, что использование технологии «спектральной подкачки» улучшает качество воспроизведения модуля скорости ветра и высоты волн системой COSMO-CLM – WW3 для региона Карского моря во всех случаях. Качество результатов воспроизведения поля ветра при использовании модели COSMO-CLM разрешением ~ 3 км сопоставимо с качеством реанализов ERA5 и CFSv2. Поскольку мезомасштабное моделирование позволяет воспроизводить более детальную структуру поля ветра, в особенности в прибрежных районах, результаты позволяют использовать поля ветра с разрешением 3 км для широкого круга научных и прикладных задач.</p>
      </trans-abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Kara Sea</kwd>
        <kwd>wind speed</kwd>
        <kwd>wind waves</kwd>
        <kwd>WAVEWATCH III</kwd>
        <kwd>unstructured mesh</kwd>
        <kwd>COSMO-CLM</kwd>
        <kwd>simulation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>Карское море</kwd>
        <kwd>скорость ветра</kwd>
        <kwd>ветровое волнение</kwd>
        <kwd>WAVEWATCH III</kwd>
        <kwd>нерегулярная сетка</kwd>
        <kwd>COSMO-CLM</kwd>
        <kwd>моделирование</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work by S. A. Myslenkov was carried out with support by the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of the Lomonosov Moscow State University "The Future of the Planet and Global Environmental Changes". The meteorological parameters were calculated by V. S. Platonov using the COSMO-CLM model within the framework of the MSU state assignment on theme No. 121051400081-7 using the equipment of the shared research facilities of HPC computing resources of the Lomonosov Moscow State University.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа С. А. Мысленкова выполнена при поддержке Междисциплинарной научно-образовательной школы МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова «Будущее планеты и глобальные изменения окружающей среды». Расчеты метеорологических параметров по модели COSMO-CLM выполнены В. С. Платоновым в рамках выполнения госзадания МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова (тема № 121051400081-7) с использованием оборудования Центра коллективного пользования сверхвысокопроизводительными вычислительными ресурсами МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

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