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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morskoj gidrofizičeskij žurnal</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Physical Oceanography</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Морской гидрофизический журнал</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">0233-7584</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20230203</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29039/0233-7584-2023-2-177-188</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">GMHTUM</article-id>
      
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Analysis of observations and methods of calculating Hydrophysical fields in the ocean</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Анализ результатов наблюдений и методы расчета гидрофизических полей океана</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Impact of the Sea Waves’ Skewness and Group Structure on the Infrasound Generation by the Sea Surface</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Влияние асимметрии и групповой структуры морских волн на генерацию инфразвука морской поверхностью</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Zapevalov</surname>
              <given-names>A. S.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Запевалов</surname>
              <given-names>А. С.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный научный сотрудник, отдел дистанционных методов исследования, ФГБУН ФИЦ МГИ (299011, Россия, г. Севастополь, ул. Капитанская, д. 2)</p></bio>
          <email>sevzepter@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>Sevastopol</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Морской гидрофизический институт РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Севастополь</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-30" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>39</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>177</fpage>
      <lpage>188</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-01">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2022-12-07">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-16">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Zapevalov A.S.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Запевалов А.С.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zapevalov A.S.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Запевалов А.С.</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2023/02/03/" xlink:title="Страница статьи">https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2023/02/03/</self-uri>

      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p><bold>Purpose.</bold> The study is aimed at analyzing the impact of the effects of the sea waves’ nonlinearity manifested in the skewness of sea surface elevations and in arising of a group structure, upon the generation of infrasound radiation by the sea surface.</p>
        <p><bold>Methods and Results.</bold> The analysis is based on the analytical model of a wave profile which permits to set an asymmetric wave profile (a pointed crest and a flat trough), and also to vary the grouping factor and the number of waves in a group. The field of surface waves is represented as a superposition of free waves and harmonics. It was studied using the mathematical apparatus of decomposing the analyzed function into the Fourier series. Quantitative estimates characterizing (in different situations) the ratio between the amplitudes of the acoustic waves generated by the main wave and its harmonics were obtained. It was shown that skewness affected the level of infrasound generation to a greater extent than the group structure of waves.</p>
        <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Both the skewness of sea wave elevations and their group structure lead to a decrease in the level of infrasound generated by the sea surface, as well as to the redistribution of infrasound energy over the spatial and temporal scales.</p>
      </abstract>

      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Анализ влияния эффектов нелинейности морских волн, проявляющихся в асимметрии распределения возвышений морской поверхности и возникновении групповой структуры, на генерацию инфразвукового излучения морской поверхностью – цель настоящей работы.</p>
        <p><bold>Методы и результаты.</bold> Анализ проводится на основе аналитической модели волнового профиля, позволяющей задавать асимметричный профиль волны (заостренный гребень и плоская впадина), а также изменять фактор групповитости и число волн в группе. Поле поверхностных волн представлено в виде суперпозиции свободных волн и гармоник. Для его исследования используется математический аппарат разложения анализируемой функции в ряд Фурье. Получены количественные оценки, характеризующие в разных ситуациях отношение амплитуд акустических волн, генерируемых основной волной и ее гармониками. Показано, что асимметрия оказывает более значительное влияние на уровень генерации инфразвука, чем групповая структура волн.</p>
        <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Как асимметрия распределения возвышений морских волн, так и их групповая структура приводят к снижению уровня инфразвука, генерируемого морской поверхностью, а также к перераспределению энергии инфразвука по пространственным и временным масштабам.</p>
      </trans-abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>sea surface</kwd>
        <kwd>free waves</kwd>
        <kwd>bonded waves</kwd>
        <kwd>hydroacoustics</kwd>
        <kwd>infrasound</kwd>
        <kwd>group structure</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>морская поверхность</kwd>
        <kwd>свободные волны</kwd>
        <kwd>связанные волны</kwd>
        <kwd>гидроакустика</kwd>
        <kwd>инфразвук</kwd>
        <kwd>групповая структура</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The investigation was carried out within the framework of the state task on theme No. 2021-0004 “Fundamental studies of the oceanological processes which determine the state and evolution of the marine environment influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors, based on the observation and modeling methods”.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания по теме FNNN-2021-0004 «Фундаментальные исследования океанологических процессов, определяющих состояние и эволюцию морской среды под влиянием естественных и антропогенных факторов, на основе методов наблюдения и моделирования».</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

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  </body>

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