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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morskoj gidrofizičeskij žurnal</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Physical Oceanography</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Морской гидрофизический журнал</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">0233-7584</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20230205</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29039/0233-7584-2023-2-205-219</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">FGONIQ</article-id>
      
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Experimental and field research</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Экспериментальные и экспедиционные исследования</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Inorganic Forms of Nitrogen in the Deep Part of the Black Sea Based on the Expeditionary Data, 2016–2019</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Неорганические формы азота в глубоководной части Черного моря по экспедиционным данным 2016–2019 годов</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2049-7750</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kondratev</surname>
              <given-names>S. I.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кондратьев</surname>
              <given-names>С. И.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, отдел биогеохимии моря, ФГБУН ФИЦ МГИ (299011, Россия, г. Севастополь, ул. Капитанская, д. 2), кандидат химических наук</p></bio>
          <email>skondratt@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5033-4576</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">H-1880-2014</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56960448000</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3277-7914</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Varenik</surname>
              <given-names>A. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Вареник</surname>
              <given-names>А. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, отдел биогеохимии моря, ФГБУН ФИЦ МГИ (299011, Россия, г. Севастополь, ул. Капитанская, д. 2), кандидат географических наук</p></bio>
          <email>alla.varenik@mhi-ras.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1387-970X</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">I-1755-2017</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">35784884700</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Orekhova</surname>
              <given-names>N. A.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Орехова</surname>
              <given-names>Н. А.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. отделом биогеохимии моря, ФГБУН ФИЦ МГИ (299011, Россия, г. Севастополь, ул. Капитанская, д. 2), кандидат географических наук</p></bio>
          <email>natalia.orekhova@mhi-ras.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>Sevastopol</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Морской гидрофизический институт РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Севастополь</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-30" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>39</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>205</fpage>
      <lpage>219</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-05-06">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2023-01-12">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-16">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Kondratev S.I., Varenik A.V., Orekhova N.A.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Кондратьев С.И., Вареник А.В., Орехова Н.А.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kondratev S.I., Varenik A.V., Orekhova N.A.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кондратьев С.И., Вареник А.В., Орехова Н.А.</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2023/02/05/" xlink:title="Страница статьи">https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2023/02/05/</self-uri>

      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p><bold>Purpose.</bold> The purpose of the study is to describe quantitatively the structure of vertical distribution of the nitrogen inorganic forms, namely nitrites, nitrates and ammonium ions, at the present post-eutrophication period of the deep-sea ecosystem evolution in the Black Sea based on the field data obtained in 2016–2019.</p>
        <p><bold>Methods and Results.</bold> The data obtained in the Black Sea within the economic zone of Russia in 2016–2019 by the scientists of Marine Hydrophysical Institute were used. At more than 200 deep-sea stations, a cassette of 12 bathometers (Seabird-Electronics CTD-instrument) was applied for taking hydrochemical samples at certain isopycnic surfaces, usually at σt = 16.30; 16.25; 16.20; 16.15; 16.10; 16.05; 16.00; 15.95; 15.90; 15.80; 15.50, 14.0 kg/m3. Such a scheme permits to determine the suboxic zone locations (including its upper boundary), the depth of hydrogen sulfide formation, and also to study in details the changes in the nitrogen forms during transition from the oxic conditions to the anoxic ones.</p>
        <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> At the present post-eutrophication period of the deep-sea ecosystem evolution in the Black Sea, qualitative characteristics of the vertical distribution of inorganic nitrogen forms correspond to the already known features. The quantitative ones are characterized by the following values: from the surface to the oxic line onset near the isopycnic surface σt = 14.5 kg/m3, the contents of nitrites and nitrates were at the level 0.06 μM and 2–3 μM, respectively, and the ammonium concentration did not exceed 0.6 μM. As for the nitrite vertical profiles, two maximums are noted at the isopycnic surfaces σt = 14.0 kg/m3 and σt = 15.9 kg/m3; the value of the second peak does not exceed 0.07 μM. The nitrate vertical profiles are characterized by a maximum within the range of isopycnic surfaces σt = 15.2–15.5 kg/m3; its value reached 4–5 μM. The ammonium considerable concentrations were recorded at the isopion σt = 16.0 kg/m3, after which the ammonium content monotonously increased with depth reaching the value 96±5 μM at the 2000-meter depth. The molar ratio NH4+/H2S near the upper boundary of the hydrogen sulfide zone was 0.58 that indicated a significant equivalent excess of ammonium as compared to the theoretical stoichiometric value 0.30. At greater depths where the H2S concentrations are high (≥ 380 μM), it decreased to 0.25 and approached the theoretical value.</p>
      </abstract>

      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Целью данной работы является количественное описание структуры вертикального распределения неорганических форм азота, а именно нитритов, нитратов и ионов аммония, в современный постэвтрофикационный период эволюции глубоководной экосистемы Черного моря по натурным данным 2016–2019 гг.</p>
        <p><bold>Методы и результаты.</bold> Использованы данные экспедиционных исследований Морского гидрофизического института в Черном море в пределах экономической зоны России в 2016–2019 гг. В этих экспедициях были выполнены более 200 глубоководных станций, на которых с помощью кассеты из 12 батометров прибора Seabird-Electronics проводили отбор гидрохимических проб на определенных изопикнических поверхностях. Как правило, это был ряд величин условной плотности σt, равных 16,30, 16,25, 16,20, 16,15, 16,10, 16,05, 16,00, 15,95, 15,90, 15,80, 15,50, 14,0 кг/м3. Такая схема позволяет регистрировать положения субкислородной зоны и верхней границы сероводорода, а также подробно изучать изменения форм азота при переходе от окислительных условий в восстановительные.</p>
        <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Качественные характеристики вертикального распределения неорганических форм азота в современный постэвтрофикационный период эволюции глубоководной экосистемы Черного моря соответствуют известным особенностям, количественные характеризуются следующими значениями: от поверхности до начала оксиклина вблизи изопикнической поверхности σt = 14,5 кг/м3 содержание нитритов и нитратов в среднем находилось на уровне 0,06 мкМ и 2–3 мкМ соответственно, концентрация аммония не превышала 0,6 мкМ. Для вертикальных профилей нитритов отмечено два максимума на изопикнических поверхностях σt = 14,0 кг/м3 и σt = 15,9 кг/м3, величина второго максимума не превышала 0,07 мкМ. Для нитратов характерен максимум в интервале величин условной плотности σt = 15,2–15,5 кг/м3, его величина достигала 4–5 мкМ. Появление значимых концентраций ионов аммония зафиксировано на глубине изопикнической поверхности σt = 16,0 кг/м3, затем их содержание монотонно возрастало, достигая 96 ± 5 мкМ на глубине 2000 м. Мольное отношение NH4+/H2S вблизи верхней границы сероводородной зоны составляло 0,58, что указывает на значительный эквивалентный избыток аммония по сравнению с теоретическим стехиометрическим значением 0,30. На больших глубинах при высоких концентрациях H2S (≥ 380 мкМ) оно уменьшилось до 0,25 и приблизилось к теоретическому значению.</p>
      </trans-abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Black Sea</kwd>
        <kwd>hydrogen sulfide</kwd>
        <kwd>nutrients</kwd>
        <kwd>inorganic forms of nitrogen</kwd>
        <kwd>vertical profile</kwd>
        <kwd>field data</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>Черное море</kwd>
        <kwd>сероводород</kwd>
        <kwd>биогенные элементы</kwd>
        <kwd>неорганический азот</kwd>
        <kwd>вертикальный профиль</kwd>
        <kwd>натурные данные</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The investigation was carried out within the framework of the state assignments FNNN 2021-0004 “Fundamental studies of the oceanological processes which determine state and evolution of the marine environment influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors, based on the observation and modeling methods” and FNNN 2021-0005 “Complex interdisciplinary studies of oceanological processes that determine functioning and evolution of the ecosystems of coastal zones of the Black and Azov seas”, as well as with support of the RFFI project No. 21-55-52001.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания FNNN 2021-0004 «Фундаментальные исследования океанологических процессов, определяющих состояние и эволюцию морской среды под влиянием естественных и антропогенных факторов, на основе методов наблюдения и моделирования» и государственного задания FNNN 2021-0005 «Комплексные междисциплинарные исследования океанологических процессов, определяющих функционирование и эволюцию экосистем прибрежных зон Черного и Азовского морей», а также проекта РФФИ № 21-55-52001.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

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  </body>

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