<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morskoj gidrofizičeskij žurnal</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Morskoj gidrofizičeskij žurnal</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Морской гидрофизический журнал</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">0233-7584</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20240204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">TEOSTA</article-id>
      
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Analysis of observations and methods of calculating Hydrophysical fields in the ocean</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Анализ результатов наблюдений и методы расчета гидрофизических полей океана</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Interannual Changes in Salinity of the Upper 1000‑m Layer of the Extratropical Zone of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean under Conditions of Intensification of the Global Hydrological Cycle</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Межгодовые изменения солености верхнего 1000-метрового слоя внетропической зоны северо-западной части Тихого океана в условиях интенсификации глобального гидрологического цикла</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5081-7279</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2239-0391</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Rostov</surname>
              <given-names>I. D.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Ростов</surname>
              <given-names>И. Д.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий лабораторией информатики и мониторинга океана, ФГБУН ТОИ им. В. И. Ильичева ДВО РАН (Россия, 690041, г. Владивосток, ул. Балтийская, д. 43), кандидат географических наук</p></bio>
          <email>rostov@poi.dvo.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-5296</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6818-1898</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Dmitrieva</surname>
              <given-names>E. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Дмитриева</surname>
              <given-names>Е. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория информатики и мониторинга океана, ФГБУН ТОИ им. В. И. Ильичева ДВО РАН (Россия, 690041, г. Владивосток, ул. Балтийская, д. 43), кандидат технических наук</p></bio>
          <email>e_dmitrieva@poi.dvo.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>V. I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>Vladivostok</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Тихоокеанский океанологический институт им. В. И. Ильичева Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук</institution>
          <addr-line>Владивосток</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-30" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>40</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>215</fpage>
      <lpage>230</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-05">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2023-12-26">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-01-18">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Rostov I.D., Dmitrieva E.V.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Ростов И.Д., Дмитриева Е.В.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rostov I.D., Dmitrieva E.V.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ростов И.Д., Дмитриева Е.В.</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2024/02/04/" xlink:title="Страница статьи">https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2024/02/04/</self-uri>
      
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p><bold>Purpose.</bold> The work is aimed at determining the trends and regional features of interannual changes in salinity and salt content in the upper 1000-m layer of the extratropical zone of the northwestern Pacific Ocean, and at analyzing their possible cause-and-effect relations with the large-scale and regional processes in the ocean and atmosphere over the last two decades of the current period of global warming.</p>
        <p><bold>Methods and Results.</bold> The NOAA climate data sets on salinity and current velocities from the GODAS (NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System) in the nodes of a 0.3°×1° regular grid at 31 levels for 2000–2022, the climatic index series from the NOAA websites, and the in-situ salinity observations at the coastal hydrometeorological stations of Roshydromet were used. The monthly average ERA5 reanalysis data on precipitation and evaporation from the underlying surface were also taken. In the course of the analysis, the methods of cluster, correlation and regression analysis, as well as the apparatus of empirical orthogonal functions were applied. The conducted research made it possible to reveal and characterize the regional spatial and temporal features of accelerated changes in salinity and salt content in the upper 1000-m water column of the study area under conditions of the current warming phase accompanied by the intensification of global and local hydrological cycles. The quantitative characteristics of the noted trends and their statistical significance were assessed.</p>
        <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> In general, over the entire water area, a tendency of a gradual decrease in the average surface salinity values and freshening of the upper 1000-m layer was observed, which was accompanied by a 3% increase in the heat content of this layer.</p>
      </abstract>
      
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Определить тенденции и региональные особенности межгодовых изменений солености и солесодержания в верхнем 1000-метровом слое внетропической зоны северо-западной части Тихого океана и дать анализ их возможных причинно-следственных связей с крупномасштабными и региональными процессами в океане и атмосфере за два последних десятилетия современного периода глобального потепления – цель настоящей работы.</p>
        <p><bold>Методы и результаты.</bold> Использовались данные климатических массивов NOAA по солености и скорости течений системы усвоения океанографических наблюдений GODAS (NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System) в узлах регулярной сетки 0,3° × 1° на 31 горизонте за период 2000–2022 гг., ряды климатических индексов с сайтов NOAA и срочных наблюдений солености на прибрежных гидрометеостанциях Росгидромета. Также были взяты среднемесячные данные реанализа ERA5 по величинам осадков и испарения с подстилающей поверхности с сервера ERDDAP доступа к океанографическим данным NOAA. В ходе анализа применялись методы кластерного, корреляционного, регрессионного анализа и аппарата эмпирических ортогональных функций. Проведенные исследования позволили выявить и охарактеризовать региональные пространственно-временные особенности ускоренных изменений солености и солесодержания в толще вод верхних 1000 м исследуемого района в условиях современной фазы потепления, сопровождающегося интенсификацией глобального и местных гидрологических циклов. Дана оценка количественных характеристик отмеченных тенденций и их статистической значимости.</p>
        <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> В целом по акватории прослеживается тенденция постепенного уменьшения средних значений солености у поверхности и опреснения вод верхнего 1000-метрового слоя, которая сопровождалась приростом теплосодержания вод этого слоя на 3%.</p>
      </trans-abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>northwestern Pacific Ocean</kwd>
        <kwd>extratropical zone</kwd>
        <kwd>climate changes</kwd>
        <kwd>hydrological cycle</kwd>
        <kwd>salinity</kwd>
        <kwd>salt content</kwd>
        <kwd>trends</kwd>
        <kwd>regional features</kwd>
        <kwd>climate indices</kwd>
        <kwd>correlations</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>северо-западная часть Тихого океана</kwd>
        <kwd>внетропическая зона</kwd>
        <kwd>климатические изменения</kwd>
        <kwd>гидрологический цикл</kwd>
        <kwd>соленость</kwd>
        <kwd>солесодержание</kwd>
        <kwd>тренды</kwd>
        <kwd>региональные особенности</kwd>
        <kwd>климатические индексы</kwd>
        <kwd>корреляционные связи</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the Interdepartmental Integrated Program “Ecological Safety of Kamchatka: Study and Monitoring of Natural Hazards and Anthropogenic Impacts” (Research and Development Registration No. 122012700198-9).</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Комплексной межведомственной программы «Экологическая безопасность Камчатки: изучение и мониторинг опасных природных явлений и антропогенных воздействий» (Регистрационный номер НИОКТР 122012700198-9).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <body>
    <p>Текст статьи не включен.</p>
  </body>

  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Список литературы</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="editor">
            <name><surname>Masson-Delmotte</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <source>Climate change 2021 – The physical science basis: Working group I contribution to the Sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental panel on climate change</source>
          <publisher-loc>Cambridge, United Kingdom</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name>
          <year>2023</year>
          <size units="pages">2391</size>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1017/9781009157896</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Durack</surname><given-names>P. J.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Wijffels</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Fifty-year trends in global ocean salinities and their relationship to broad-scale warming</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Climate</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>23</volume>
          <issue>16</issue>
          <fpage>4342</fpage>
          <lpage>4362</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1175/2010JCLI3377.1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Skliris</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Salinity changes in the World Ocean since 1950 in relation to changing surface freshwater fluxes</article-title>
          <source>Climate Dynamics</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>43</volume>
          <issue>3-4</issue>
          <fpage>709</fpage>
          <lpage>736</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00382-014-2131-7</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Cheng</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Improved estimates of changes in upper ocean salinity and the hydrological cycle</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Climate</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>33</volume>
          <issue>23</issue>
          <fpage>10357</fpage>
          <lpage>10381</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0366.1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Durack</surname><given-names>P. J.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Wijffels</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Matear</surname><given-names>R. J.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Ocean salinities reveal strong global water cycle intensification during 1950 to 2000</article-title>
          <source>Science</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>336</volume>
          <issue>6080</issue>
          <fpage>455</fpage>
          <lpage>458</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1126/science.1212222</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Helm</surname><given-names>K. P.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Bindoff</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Church</surname><given-names>J. A.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Changes in the global hydrological-cycle inferred from ocean salinity</article-title>
          <source>Geophysical Research Letters</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>37</volume>
          <issue>18</issue>
          <fpage>L18701</fpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1029/2010GL044222</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Hosoda</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Global surface layer salinity change detected by Argo and its implication for hydrological cycle intensification</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Oceanography</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>65</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>579</fpage>
          <lpage>586</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10872-009-0049-1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Малинин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Уровень океана: настоящее и будущее</source>
          <publisher-loc>СПб.</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>РГГМУ</publisher-name>
          <year>2012</year>
          <size units="pages">260</size>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Aretxabaleta</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>K. W.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Kalra</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Regime changes in global sea surface salinity trend</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>5</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>57</fpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/jmse5040057</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Zika</surname><given-names>J. D.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Maintenance and broadening of the ocean's salinity distribution by the water cycle</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Climate</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>28</volume>
          <issue>24</issue>
          <fpage>9550</fpage>
          <lpage>9560</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0273.1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Climatological seasonal variation of the upper ocean salinity</article-title>
          <source>International Journal of Climatology</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>42</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>3477</fpage>
          <lpage>3498</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/joc.7428</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Intensification of the global water cycle and evidence from ocean salinity: a synthesis review</article-title>
          <source>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>1472</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>76</fpage>
          <lpage>94</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/nyas.14354</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Corbett</surname><given-names>C. M.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Subrahmanyam</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Giese</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>A comparison of sea surface salinity in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1997–1998, 2012–2013, and 2014–2015 ENSO events</article-title>
          <source>Climate Dynamics</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>49</volume>
          <issue>9-10</issue>
          <fpage>3513</fpage>
          <lpage>3526</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00382-017-3527-y</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Examining the salinity change in the upper Pacific Ocean during the Argo period</article-title>
          <source>Climate Dynamics</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>53</volume>
          <issue>9-10</issue>
          <fpage>6055</fpage>
          <lpage>6074</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00382-019-04912-z</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Ростов</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Рудых</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Межгодовая изменчивость термических условий во внетропической зоне южной части Тихого океана на рубеже XX–XXI веков</article-title>
          <source>Морской гидрофизический журнал</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>37</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>659</fpage>
          <lpage>679</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="edn">EPGAOP</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22449/0233-7584-2021-6-659-679</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Qiu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>On the reset of the wind-forced decadal Kuroshio extension variability in late 2017</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Climate</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>33</volume>
          <issue>24</issue>
          <fpage>10813</fpage>
          <lpage>10828</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0237.1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Kuroda</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Interdecadal variability of the Western Subarctic Gyre in the North Pacific Ocean</article-title>
          <source>Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>169</volume>
          <fpage>103461</fpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.dsr.2020.103461</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Yasuda</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Hydrographic structure and variability in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Transition Area</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Oceanography</source>
          <year>2003</year>
          <volume>59</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>389</fpage>
          <lpage>402</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1023/A:1025580313836</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Ростов</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Рудых</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Межгодовая изменчивость термических характеристик верхнего 1000-метрового слоя внетропической зоны северо-западной части Тихого океана на рубеже XX–XXI веков</article-title>
          <source>Морской гидрофизический журнал</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>39</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>157</fpage>
          <lpage>176</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="edn">ALOUMA</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29039/0233-7584-2023-2-157-176</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <label>20.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="editor">
            <name><surname>Катцов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Третий оценочный доклад об изменениях климата и их последствиях на территории Российской Федерации. Общее резюме</source>
          <publisher-loc>СПб.</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Наукоемкие технологии</publisher-name>
          <year>2022</year>
          <size units="pages">124</size>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B21">
        <label>21.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Kamae</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Atmospheric rivers over the Northwestern Pacific: Climatology and interannual variability</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Climate</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>30</volume>
          <issue>15</issue>
          <fpage>5605</fpage>
          <lpage>5619</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1175/jcli-d-16-0875.1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B22">
        <label>22.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Oey</surname><given-names>L.-Y.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Chou</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Evidence of rising and poleward shift of storm surge in western North Pacific in recent decades</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>121</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>5181</fpage>
          <lpage>5192</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/2016jc011777</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B23">
        <label>23.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Oka</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Long-term change and variation of salinity in the western North Pacific subtropical gyre revealed by 50-year long observations along 137°E</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Oceanography</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>73</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>479</fpage>
          <lpage>490</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10872-017-0416-2</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B24">
        <label>24.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Yasuda</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cold-core anticyclonic eddies south of the Bussol’ Strait in the Northwestern Subarctic Pacific</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Physical Oceanography</source>
          <year>2000</year>
          <volume>30</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>1137</fpage>
          <lpage>1157</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030&lt;1137:CCAESO&gt;2.0.CO;2</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B25">
        <label>25.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Itoh</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Yasuda</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio–Oyashio extension region detected from the distribution of the sea surface height anomaly</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Physical Oceanography</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>40</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>1018</fpage>
          <lpage>1034</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1175/2009JPO4265.1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B26">
        <label>26.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>You</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Transport of North Pacific intermediate water across Japanese WOCE sections</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</source>
          <year>2003</year>
          <volume>108</volume>
          <issue>C6</issue>
          <fpage>3196</fpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1029/2002JC001662</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B27">
        <label>27.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Ceballos</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>North Pacific Gyre Oscillation synchronizes climate fluctuations in the eastern and western boundary systems</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Climate</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>22</volume>
          <issue>19</issue>
          <fpage>5163</fpage>
          <lpage>5174</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1175/2009JCLI2848.1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B28">
        <label>28.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Cravatte</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Observed freshening and warming of the western Pacific Warm Pool</article-title>
          <source>Climate Dynamics</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>33</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>565</fpage>
          <lpage>589</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00382-009-0526-7</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B29">
        <label>29.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Henley</surname><given-names>B. J.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>A Tripole Index for the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation</article-title>
          <source>Climate Dynamics</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>45</volume>
          <issue>11-12</issue>
          <fpage>3077</fpage>
          <lpage>3090</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00382-015-2525-1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>