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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morskoj gidrofizičeskij žurnal</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Morskoj gidrofizičeskij žurnal</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Морской гидрофизический журнал</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">0233-7584</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20240604</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">QNNWJO</article-id>
      
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Analysis of observations and methods of calculating Hydrophysical fields in the ocean</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Анализ результатов наблюдений и методы расчета гидрофизических полей океана</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">«Цветение» кокколитофорид в Черном море по данным дистанционного зондирования в 1998–2023 годах: интенсивность и частота</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>"Bloom" of Сoccolithophores in the Black Sea Based on Remote Sensing Data Obtained in 1998–2023: Intensity and Frequency</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-7284</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6603622802</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">O-8437-2016</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2238-9533</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Churilova</surname>
              <given-names>T. Ya.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Чурилова</surname>
              <given-names>Т. Я.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель лаборатории фотосинтеза и биооптики моря, ФГБУН ФИЦ ИнБЮМ (Россия, 299011, г. Севастополь, пр. Нахимова, д. 2), кандидат биологических наук</p></bio>
          <email>tanya.churilova@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8627-7603</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6603566261</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">B-4994-2017</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1681-7926</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Suslin</surname>
              <given-names>V. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Суслин</surname>
              <given-names>В. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель отдела динамики океанических процессов, ФГБУН ФИЦ МГИ (Россия, 299011, г. Севастополь, ул. Капитанская, д. 2), кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio>
          <email>slava.suslin@mhi-ras.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6292-5293</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6602415951</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">O-8541-2016</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1828-7516</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Krivenko</surname>
              <given-names>O. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кривенко</surname>
              <given-names>О. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель лаборатории функциональной геномики, ФГБУН ФИЦ ИнБЮМ (Россия, 299011, г. Севастополь, пр. Нахимова, д. 2), кандидат биологических наук</p></bio>
          <email>krivenko@ibss-ras.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>Sevastopol</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Институт биологии южных морей имени А. О. Ковалевского РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Севастополь</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>Sevastopol</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Морской гидрофизический институт РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Севастополь</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-31" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>40</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>853</fpage>
      <lpage>877</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-22">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2024-07-31">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-12">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Чурилова Т.Я., Суслин В.В., Кривенко О.В.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Churilova T.Ya., Suslin V.V., Krivenko O.V.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чурилова Т.Я., Суслин В.В., Кривенко О.В.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Churilova T.Ya., Suslin V.V., Krivenko O.V.</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2024/06/04/" xlink:title="Страница статьи">https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2024/06/04/</self-uri>
      
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Мониторинг массового развития, или так называемого цветения, кокколитофорид актуализируется в связи с влиянием этого процесса на биогеохимические циклы. Проанализированы частота, интенсивность и площадь «цветения» <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic> в различных районах Черного моря, оценено влияние условий среды на интенсивность «цветения» и межгодовую изменчивость.</p>
        <p><bold>Методы и результаты.</bold> На основе спутниковых данных с использованием региональных алгоритмов были восстановлены значения концентрации хлорофилла <italic>а</italic>, показателя рассеяния света назад взвешенным веществом и показателя поглощения света окрашенным неживым веществом с двухнедельным осреднением для разных районов Черного моря с 1998 по 2023 г. Использование нормализованных аномалий позволило установить годовые циклы изменчивости этих параметров, выявить общие закономерности и особенности вариабельности в отдельных районах моря.</p>
        <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Установлено, что в начале июня во всех районах моря регулярно наблюдается массовое развитие <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic>, для которого характерна межгодовая изменчивость интенсивности и площади «цветения». Высокая освещенность в верхнем перемешанном слое моря является ключевым фактором сдвига в структуре фитопланктонного сообщества и перехода к доминированию и «цветению» <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic> благодаря физиологически детерминированной способности этих водорослей расти без угнетения при крайне высокой интенсивности света, ингибирующей рост других водорослей. В большинстве районов Черного моря летнее «цветение» <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic> не сопровождается увеличением биомассы фитопланктона, изменяется только структура сообщества. Исключение составляют прибрежные воды в зоне влияния речного стока, где «цветение» наблюдается на фоне повышения биомассы фитопланктона. В холодный период года (декабрь, февраль) в прибрежных водах иногда наблюдается увеличение численности <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic>, которое может быть связано с уменьшением биогенной обеспеченности на фоне ослабления берегового стока и/или стабилизации водного столба. Снижение обеспеченности фитопланктона питательными веществами способствует конкурентному росту кокколитофорид в сравнении с другими видами фитопланктона. Развитие <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic> в разные сезоны года может отражать генетическую и физиологическую пластичность <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic>.</p>
      </abstract>

      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p><bold>Purpose.</bold> Monitoring of coccolithophore "blooms" is becoming increasingly important due to their influence on the biogeochemical cycles. The purpose of the study is to analyze the frequency, intensity and area of <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic> "bloom" in different sub-regions of the Black Sea, as well as to assess the affect of environmental factors on the intensity and interannual variability of "bloom".</p>
        <p><bold>Methods and Results.</bold> Based on the satellite data and using the regional algorithms, the values of chlorophyll <italic>a</italic> concentration, the particulate backscattering coefficient and the coefficient of light absorption by colored detrital matter were retrieved with a two-week averaging for different Black Sea sub-regions for the period 1998–2023. Application of the normalized anomalies made it possible to reveal the annual cycles of variability of these parameters, as well as to identify their common patterns and variability features in particular sub-regions of the sea.</p>
        <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> It has been revealed that in early June in all the regions of the sea, the "bloom" of <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic> was regularly observed; at that it was characterized by a year-to-year variability in its intensity and area. High light intensity in the sea upper mixed layer is a key factor for a shift in the phytoplankton species structure and for the transition to <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic> dominance and "bloom" due to the physiologically determined capacity for of these algae to grow at an extremely high light intensity with no inhibition, whereas at similar light conditions the growth of other plankton microalgae is suppressed. In most sub-regions of the Black Sea, the "bloom" of <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic> is not followed by an increase in the phytoplankton biomass, only species structure of phytoplankton changes. The exception is the coastal waters affected by the river runoffs: the "bloom" there is observed when the phytoplankton biomass increases. In the coastal waters during a cold period (December, February), the <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic> abundance sometimes increases due to a decrease of nutrient supply that results from weakening of the river runoffs and/or increasing stability of the water column. Decrease in phytoplankton supply with nutrients contributes to the competitive growth of coccolithophores as compared to other types of phytoplankton. The development of <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic> "bloom" in different seasons can reflect its genetic and physiological plasticity.</p>
      </trans-abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>кокколитофориды</kwd>
        <kwd><italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic></kwd>
        <kwd><italic>Emiliania huxleyi</italic></kwd>
        <kwd>«цветение» кокколитофорид</kwd>
        <kwd>цветение воды</kwd>
        <kwd>концентрация хлорофилла</kwd>
        <kwd>рассеяние света</kwd>
        <kwd>поглощение света</kwd>
        <kwd>окрашенное неживое вещество</kwd>
        <kwd>дистанционное зондирование</kwd>
        <kwd>Черное море</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>coccolithophores</kwd>
        <kwd><italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic></kwd>
        <kwd><italic>Emiliania huxleyi</italic></kwd>
        <kwd>coccolithophore "bloom"</kwd>
        <kwd>water bloom</kwd>
        <kwd>chlorophyll concentration</kwd>
        <kwd>light scattering</kwd>
        <kwd>light absorption</kwd>
        <kwd>colored detrital matter</kwd>
        <kwd>remote sensing</kwd>
        <kwd>Black Sea</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования частоты, интенсивности и площади «цветения» <italic>G. huxleyi</italic> в различных районах моря выполнены в рамках государственного задания ФГБУН ФИЦ МГИ по теме № FNNN-2023-0001, внутригодовой и межгодовой изменчивости биооптических показателей вод – в рамках государственного задания ФИЦ ИНБЮМ по теме № 124030100106‑2, получение многолетних рядов данных на основе спутниковых данных с использованием региональных алгоритмов – в рамках государственного задания ФГБУН ФИЦ МГИ по теме № FNNN-2024-0012.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The frequency, intensity and area of <italic>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi</italic> "bloom" in different sub-regions of the Black Sea were studied within the framework of state assignment of FSBSI FRC MHI on theme No. FNNN-2023-0001, annual and interannual variability of bio-optical water features – within the framework of state assignment of FRC IBSS on theme No. 124030100106-2, the long-term data series were obtained based on satellite data and using the regional algorithms within the framework of state assignment of FSBSI FRC MHI on theme No. FNNN-2024-0012.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

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  </body>

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