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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morskoj gidrofizičeskij žurnal</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Morskoj gidrofizičeskij žurnal</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Морской гидрофизический журнал</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">0233-7584</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20260102</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">AINZFC</article-id>
      
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Analysis of observations and methods of calculating Hydrophysical fields in the ocean</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Анализ результатов наблюдений и методы расчета гидрофизических полей океана</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Methodological Approaches to Comparative Assessing the Activity and Intensity of Stream Bubble Gas Emissions on the Shelf off the Crimea Coast (Black Sea)</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Методические подходы к сравнительной оценке активности и интенсивности струйных пузырьковых газовыделений на шельфе у берегов Крыма (Черное море)</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1758-4458</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">J-4851-2018</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">36845115900</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6223-8328</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Makarov</surname>
              <given-names>M. M.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Макаров</surname>
              <given-names>М. М.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, Лимнологический институт СО РАН (Россия, 664033, г. Иркутск, ул. Улан-Баторская, д. 3), кандидат географических наук</p></bio>
          <email>mmmsoft@hlserver.lin.irk.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kucher</surname>
              <given-names>K. M.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кучер</surname>
              <given-names>К. М.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий инженер, Лимнологический институт СО РАН (Россия, 664033, г. Иркутск, ул. Улан-Баторская, д. 3)</p></bio>
          <email>kost@hlserver.lin.irk.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3452-2360</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6602252189</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">E-9926-2014</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1633-6870</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Budnikov</surname>
              <given-names>A. A.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Будников</surname>
              <given-names>А. А.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова (Россия, 119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1), кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio>
          <email>budnikovaa@my.msu.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5721-4823</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Pomogaeva</surname>
              <given-names>T. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Помогаева</surname>
              <given-names>Т. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, ФГБУН ФИЦ «Институт биологии южных морей имени А. О. Ковалевского РАН (Россия, 299011, г. Севастополь, проспект Нахимова, 2), кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук</p></bio>
          <email>pomogtatyana@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9653-7341</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">ABE-3955-2020</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56585887900</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4625-9702</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Malakhova</surname>
              <given-names>T. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Малахова</surname>
              <given-names>Т. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, отдел радиационной и химической биологии, ФГБУН ФИЦ «Институт биологии южных морей имени А. О. Ковалевского РАН (Россия, 299011, г. Севастополь, проспект Нахимова, 2), Международный научный центр в области экологии и вопросов изменения климата, Научно-технологический университет «Сириус» (Россия, Федеральная территория «Сириус», Олимпийский пр-т, 1), кандидат биологических наук</p></bio>
          <email>t.malakhova@imbr-ras.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>Irkutsk</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Лимнологический институт СО РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Иркутск</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>
      
      <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution>
          <addr-line>Moscow</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution>
          <addr-line>Москва</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS</institution>
          <addr-line>Sevastopol</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>ФГБУН ФИЦ «Институт биологии южных морей имени А. О. Ковалевского РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Севастополь</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff4">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>International Scientific Center for Ecology and Climate Change, Sirius University of Science and Technology</institution>
          <addr-line>Sirius</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Международный научный центр в области экологии и вопросов изменения климата, Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»</institution>
          <addr-line>Сириус</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-28" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>42</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>21</fpage>
      <lpage>36</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-25">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2025-09-12">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-10">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Makarov M.M., Kucher K.M., Budnikov A.A., Pomogaeva T.V., Malakhova T.V.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Макаров М.М., Кучер К.М., Будников А.А., Помогаева Т.В., Малахова Т.В.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarov M.M., Kucher K.M., Budnikov A.A., Pomogaeva T.V., Malakhova T.V.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макаров М.М., Кучер К.М., Будников А.А., Помогаева Т.В., Малахова Т.В.</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2026/01/02/" xlink:title="Страница статьи">https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2026/01/02/</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p><bold>Purpose.</bold> The purpose of the study is to detect bubble gas emissions and to assess quantitatively bubble gas fluxes on the Black Sea shelf off the south-eastern coast of Crimea, as well as to focus specially on methodological approaches to investigating the spatial localization and comparative evaluation of the activity and intensity of stream bubble gas emissions.</p>
        <p><bold>Methods and Results.</bold> The hydroacoustic records, seafloor video records, and hydrological measurement data collected during the scientific expeditions of R/V “Professor Vodyanitsky” (cruise 125, November 2022, cruise 132, July–August 2024, and cruise 135, June 2025) were used in the study. The research consisted of three stages: 1) broad-scale shelf surveying at the 10–80-m depths, 2) boundary detailing of the sites with the identified seep clusters, and 3) monitoring of the activity of gas emissions at the selected sites. In total, more than 600 seeps were revealed over all the survey periods. Analysis of their distribution over depth showed that approximately 90% of all the recorded gas flares were located at the 35–45-m depths. To compare the temporal and spatial variability of gas emission activity, a specific indicator – the seep density (ratio of the seep number to the scanned bottom area) – was introduced. The maximum seep density reaching 6.3 seeps per a hectare at the site near Cape Martyan, was recorded in summer 2024. The hydroacoustic data made it possible to calculate the average values of gas emissions from individual seeps: 38 l/day (0.07 t/year) in 2022 and 10.7 l/day (0.011 t/year) in 2024.</p>
        <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Study results including the data on spatial distribution, density dynamics, and flux magnitude, constitute the basis for monitoring gas emissions on the Crimea shelf. The pronounced interseasonal and interannual variability of seep density indicates the significant role of external factors in gas emission regulation. The obtained data form a ground permitting to assess the contribution of methane seeps to the regional carbon cycle.</p>
      </abstract>
      
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Цель исследования – обнаружение газовой пузырьковой разгрузки и количественная оценка потоков пузырькового газа на шельфе Черного моря у юго-восточных берегов Крыма. Отдельное внимание уделяется методическим подходам к задаче изучения локализации и сравнительной оценке активности и интенсивности струйных пузырьковых газовыделений.</p>
        <p><bold>Методы и результаты.</bold> Использованы гидроакустические записи, подводные видеозаписи морского дна, гидрологические данные, собранные во время экспедиций на НИС «Профессор Водяницкий»: в 125-м (ноябрь 2022 г.), 132‑м (июль – август 2024 г.) и 135-м (июнь 2025 г.) рейсах. Исследования включали три этапа: 1) широкие поисковые работы на шельфе на глубинах 10–80 м; 2) детализация границ площадок с обнаруженными скоплениями (кластерами) сипов; 3) мониторинг активности газовыделений на отдельных площадках. Суммарно за все периоды исследований обнаружено более 600 сипов. Анализ их распределения по глубинам показал, что около 90 % всех зарегистрированных факелов расположено на глубинах 35–45 м. Для сравнения временнóй и пространственной изменчивости активности газовыделений введен удельный показатель – плотность сипов (отношение количества сипов к площади просканированного дна). Максимальная плотность сипов зарегистрирована летом 2024 г. и составила 6,3 сипа на 1 га на площадке у мыса Мартьян. На основе гидроакустических данных рассчитаны средние значения расхода газа от отдельных сипов: 38 л/сут (0,07 т/год) в 2022 г. и 10,7 л/сут (0,011 т/год) в 2024 г.</p>
        <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Результаты исследования, включая данные о пространственном распределении, динамике плотности и величине потока, составляют основу для мониторинга газовыделений на крымском шельфе. Выраженная межсезонная и межгодовая изменчивость плотности сипов указывает на значительную роль внешних факторов в регулировании газоотдачи. Полученные данные формируют основу для оценки вклада метановых сипов в региональный углеродный цикл.</p>
      </trans-abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Black Sea</kwd>
        <kwd>shelf</kwd>
        <kwd>acoustic surveys</kwd>
        <kwd>gas flares</kwd>
        <kwd>seep</kwd>
        <kwd>methane seep</kwd>
        <kwd>bubble gas emission</kwd>
        <kwd>hydroacoustic monitoring</kwd>
        <kwd>South Coast of Crimea</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>Черное море</kwd>
        <kwd>шельф</kwd>
        <kwd>акустические исследования</kwd>
        <kwd>газовые факелы</kwd>
        <kwd>сип</kwd>
        <kwd>метановые сипы</kwd>
        <kwd>пузырьковая разгрузка газа</kwd>
        <kwd>гидроакустический мониторинг</kwd>
        <kwd>Южный берег Крыма</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of themes of state assignments of Lomonosov MSU – No. 122052000076-3, LIN SB of RAS –No. 1023032700323-4-1.5.12 and No. 122012600083-9, FSBSI FRC IBSS – No. 124030100127-7, and the RSF grant No. 24-17-20030.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках тем государственного задания МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова № 122052000076-3, ЛИН СО РАН № 1023032700323-4-1.5.12, № 122012600083-9, ФГБУН ФИЦ ИнБЮМ № 124030100127-7 и гранта РНФ 24-17-20030.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <body>
    <p>Текст статьи не включен.</p>
  </body>

  <back>
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