<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morskoj gidrofizičeskij žurnal</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Morskoj gidrofizičeskij žurnal</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Морской гидрофизический журнал</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">0233-7584</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20260209</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">OXACSY</article-id>
      
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Mathematical modeling of marine systems</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Математическое моделирование морских систем</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Усвоение данных о сплоченности льда в сильно связном режиме в модели Северного Ледовитого океана</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Assimilation of Ice Concentration Data through a Strongly Coupled Regime in the Arctic Ocean Model</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8374-6238</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57190488613</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-3630</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">S-1416-2016</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kaurkin</surname>
              <given-names>M. N.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кауркин</surname>
              <given-names>М. Н.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник, группа моделирования изменчивости климата океанов и морей, ФГБУН Институт океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН (Россия, 117997, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д. 36), кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio>
          <email>kaurkin.mn@ocean.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57219609143</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4023-2257</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kalnitskii</surname>
              <given-names>L. Yu.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кальницкий</surname>
              <given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий инженер, группа моделирования изменчивости климата океанов и морей, ФГБУН Институт океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН (Россия, 117997, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д. 36)</p></bio>
          <email>leonid.kalnitsckij@yandex.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6997-1295</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55015342700</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8454-9927</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">U-6185-2017</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Ushakov</surname>
              <given-names>K. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Ушаков</surname>
              <given-names>К. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, группа моделирования изменчивости климата океанов и морей, ФГБУН Институт океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН (Россия, 117997, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д. 36), кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio>
          <email>ushakovkv@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9003-9192</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6602387822</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">S-6750-2016</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9099-4541</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Ibrayev</surname>
              <given-names>R. A.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Ибраев</surname>
              <given-names>Р. А.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <address>
            <country country="RU">Russian Federation</country>
          </address>
          <bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный научный сотрудник, ФГБУН Институт вычислительной математики им. Г. И. Марчука РАН (Россия, 119333, г. Москва, ул. Губкина, д. 8); ФГБУН Институт океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН (Россия, 117997, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д. 36), доктор физико-математических наук, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio>
          <email>ibrayev@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>Moscow</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Институт океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Москва</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>Moscow</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Институт вычислительной математики им. Г. И. Марчука РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Москва</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>42</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>307</fpage>
      <lpage>322</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-23">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2025-10-29">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-28">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Кауркин М.Н., Кальницкий Л.Ю., Ушаков К.В., Ибраев Р.А.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Kaurkin M.N., Kalnitskii L.Yu., Ushakov K.V., Ibrayev R.A.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кауркин М.Н., Кальницкий Л.Ю., Ушаков К.В., Ибраев Р.А.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kaurkin M.N., Kalnitskii L.Yu., Ushakov K.V., Ibrayev R.A.</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2026/02/09/" xlink:title="Страница статьи">https://xn--c1agq7a.xn--p1ai/repository/issues/2026/02/09/</self-uri>
      
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Предложен, реализован и опробован для Арктического региона сильно связный подход к усвоению доступных данных наблюдений в совместной модели циркуляции океана и морского льда.</p>
        <p><bold>Методы и результаты.</bold> В совместной модели ИВМИО (океан) и <italic>CICE</italic> 5.1 (лед) с разрешением 0,25° усвоение данных реализовано на платформе <italic>Compact Modeling Framework</italic> (<italic>CMF</italic>3.0) программного сервиса <italic>DAS</italic> (<italic>Data Assimilation System</italic>) на основе метода <italic>EnOI</italic> (<italic>Ensemble Optimal Interpolation</italic>). Применен подход сильно связного усвоения, при котором одновременно корректируются поля температуры воды, солености, уровня океана и концентрации льда с использованием данных наблюдений (профили <italic>Argo</italic>, спутниковая альтиметрия <italic>AVISO</italic>, концентрация льда <italic>OSI SAF</italic>). Для перераспределения интегральной сплоченности по категориям толщины льда разработан специальный интерфейс. Проведены численные эксперименты за 2020 г. с усвоением данных и без него. Показано, что усвоение данных в сильно связном режиме снижает среднюю погрешность воспроизведения площади льда с 27 до 7 % по сравнению с данными <italic>NSIDC</italic>. Среднеквадратичная ошибка температуры воды поверхностного слоя океана уменьшается до 0,8 °С, а концентрации льда в районе кромки – до 0,2. Модельные поля лучше соответствуют независимым данным <italic>OSTIA</italic>.</p>
        <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Разработанный подход к сильно связному усвоению океанических и ледовых данных в совместной модели океан – лед обеспечивает существенное повышение точности прогноза состояния вод и ледового поля в Северном Ледовитом океане. Программная реализация может быть адаптирована для других моделей.</p>
      </abstract>

      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p><bold>Purpose.</bold> The purpose of the study is to develop and implement a strongly coupled approach to assimilation of available observational data in a coupled ocean-sea ice circulation model, and to test it for the Arctic region.</p>
        <p><bold>Methods and Results.</bold> In the coupled INMIO (ocean) and <italic>CICE</italic> 5.1 (ice) model with the 0.25° resolution, the data were assimilated using the <italic>Compact Modeling Framework</italic> (<italic>CMF</italic>3.0) platform of the <italic>DAS</italic> (<italic>Data Assimilation System</italic>) software based on the <italic>EnOI</italic> (<italic>Ensemble Optimal Interpolation</italic>) method. A strongly coupled assimilation approach was applied. It implied simultaneous adjustment of the fields of water temperature, salinity, sea level, and ice concentration using the observational data (<italic>Argo</italic> profiles, <italic>AVISO</italic> satellite altimetry and <italic>OSI</italic> <italic>SAF</italic> ice concentration). A specialized interface was developed to redistribute the integrated ice concentration by the ice thickness categories. Numerical experiments with and without data assimilation were performed for 2020. It is shown that data assimilation through a strongly coupled regime reduces the average error in reproducing ice area from 27 to 7 % as compared to the <italic>NSIDC</italic> data. The standard error of ocean surface water temperature is reduced to 0.8 °C, and that of ice concentration in the edge area – to 0.2 °C. The model fields correspond better to the independent <italic>OSTIA</italic> data.</p>
        <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> The developed approach to the strongly coupled assimilation of oceanic and ice data in the coupled ocean-ice model provides a significant increase in the accuracy of forecasting the condition both of waters and ice field in the Arctic Ocean. The software can be adapted to other models.</p>
      </trans-abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>компьютерное моделирование</kwd>
        <kwd>численное моделирование</kwd>
        <kwd>усвоение данных</kwd>
        <kwd>модель динамики океана</kwd>
        <kwd>модель океан – лед</kwd>
        <kwd>параллельные вычисления</kwd>
        <kwd>Арктический регион</kwd>
        <kwd>морской ледяной покров</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>computer modeling</kwd>
        <kwd>numerical modeling</kwd>
        <kwd>data assimilation</kwd>
        <kwd>ocean dynamics model</kwd>
        <kwd>ocean-ice model</kwd>
        <kwd>parallel computing</kwd>
        <kwd>Arctic region</kwd>
        <kwd>sea ice cover</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в Институте океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 25-27-00400).</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out in the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS with financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 25-27-00400).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <body>
    <p>Текст статьи не включен.</p>
  </body>

  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Список литературы</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Guemas</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>A review on Arctic sea-ice predictability and prediction on seasonal to decadal time-scales</article-title>
          <source>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>142</volume>
          <issue>695</issue>
          <fpage>546</fpage>
          <lpage>561</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="edn">WOVJWV</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/qj.2401</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Skachko</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Weakly coupled atmosphere--ocean data assimilation in the Canadian global prediction system (v1)</article-title>
          <source>Geoscientific Model Development</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>5097</fpage>
          <lpage>5112</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="edn">DVEWBZ</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/gmd-12-5097-2019</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Brassington</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Progress and challenges in short- to medium-range coupled prediction</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Operational Oceanography</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <issue>S2</issue>
          <fpage>s239</fpage>
          <lpage>s258</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/1755876X.2015.1049875</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Penny</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Hamill</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Coupled Data Assimilation for Integrated Earth System Analysis and Prediction</article-title>
          <source>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>98</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>ES169</fpage>
          <lpage>ES172</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0036.1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Kimmritz</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Optimising assimilation of sea ice concentration in an Earth system model with a multicategory sea ice model</article-title>
          <source>Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>70</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>1435945</fpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="edn">PFINQR</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/16000870.2018.1435945</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Дианский</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Влияние способов усвоения спутниковых данных o температуре поверхности моря на воспроизведение гидрофизических полей Черного, Азовского и Мраморного морей в модели INMOM</article-title>
          <source>Метеорология и гидрология</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>15</fpage>
          <lpage>30</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="edn">TNZUIL</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52002/0130-2906-2023-2-15-30</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Ибраев</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Хабеев</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Ушаков</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Вихреразрешающая 1/10º модель Мирового океана</article-title>
          <source>Известия РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>48</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>45</fpage>
          <lpage>55</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="edn">OOWHJD</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Kalmykov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Compact Modeling Framework v3.0 for high-resolution global ocean–ice–atmosphere models</article-title>
          <source>Geoscientific Model Development</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>11</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>3983</fpage>
          <lpage>3997</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="edn">YFPVCV</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/gmd-11-3983-2018</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Кальницкий</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Сезонная изменчивость циркуляции вод и морского льда в Северном Ледовитом океане в модели высокого разрешения</article-title>
          <source>Известия РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>56</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>598</fpage>
          <lpage>610</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="edn">QNBBHV</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0002351520050065</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Murray</surname><given-names>R. J.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Explicit Generation of Orthogonal Grids for Ocean Models</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Computational Physics</source>
          <year>1996</year>
          <volume>126</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>251</fpage>
          <lpage>273</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1006/jcph.1996.0136</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Fadeev</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Supercomputing the Seasonal Weather Prediction</article-title>
          <source>Supercomputing</source>
          <publisher-loc>Cham</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Springer</publisher-name>
          <year>2019</year>
          <fpage>415</fpage>
          <lpage>426</lpage>
          <comment>(Communications in Computer and Information Science ; vol. 1129)</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-030-36592-9_34</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Griffies</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Hallberg</surname><given-names>R. W.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Biharmonic friction with a Smagorinsky-like viscosity for use in large-scale eddy-permitting ocean models</article-title>
          <source>Monthly Weather Review</source>
          <year>2000</year>
          <volume>128</volume>
          <fpage>2935</fpage>
          <lpage>2946</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1175/1520-0493</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Dussin</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <source>Definition of the interannual experiment ORCA025-B83, 1958-2007</source>
          <publisher-loc>Brest, France</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Laboratoire de Physique des oceans</publisher-name>
          <year>2009</year>
          <size units="pages">37</size>
          <comment>(LPO Report 09-02)</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Zalesak</surname><given-names>S. T.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Fully multidimensional flux-corrected transport algorithms for fluids</article-title>
          <source>Journal of Computational Physics</source>
          <year>1979</year>
          <volume>31</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>335</fpage>
          <lpage>362</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0021-9991(79)90051-2</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Launiainen</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Vihma</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Derivation of turbulent surface fluxes -- An iterative flux-profile method allowing arbitrary observing heights</article-title>
          <source>Environmental Software</source>
          <year>1990</year>
          <volume>5</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>113</fpage>
          <lpage>124</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0266-9838(90)90021-W</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Sakov</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>TOPAZ4: an ocean-sea ice data assimilation system for the North Atlantic and Arctic</article-title>
          <source>Ocean Science</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <fpage>633</fpage>
          <lpage>656</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/os-8-633-2012</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Dee</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system</article-title>
          <source>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>137</volume>
          <issue>656</issue>
          <fpage>553</fpage>
          <lpage>597</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/qj.828</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Evensen</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Data Assimilation: The Ensemble Kalman Filter</source>
          <publisher-loc>Berlin ; Heidelberg</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Springer-Verlag</publisher-name>
          <year>2006</year>
          <size units="pages">307</size>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-642-03711-5</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Evensen</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The Ensemble Kalman Filter: Theoretical Formulation and Practical Implementation</article-title>
          <source>Ocean Dynamics</source>
          <year>2003</year>
          <volume>53</volume>
          <fpage>343</fpage>
          <lpage>367</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10236-003-0036-9</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <label>20.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Kaurkin</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Ibrayev</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Koromyslov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>EnOI-based data assimilation technology for satellite observations and ARGO float measurements in a high resolution Global Ocean Model using the CMF platform</article-title>
          <source>Supercomputing</source>
          <person-group person-group-type="editor">
            <name><surname>Voevodin</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Sobolev</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <publisher-name>Springer</publisher-name>
          <year>2016</year>
          <fpage>57</fpage>
          <lpage>66</lpage>
          <comment>(Communications in Computer and Information Science ; vol. 687)</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-319-55669-7_5</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B21">
        <label>21.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Sakov</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Sandery</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Comparison of EnOI and EnKF regional ocean reanalysis systems</article-title>
          <source>Ocean Modelling</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>89</volume>
          <fpage>45</fpage>
          <lpage>60</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.02.003</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B22">
        <label>22.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Oke</surname><given-names>P. R.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Ocean data assimilation: a case for ensemble optimal interpolation</article-title>
          <source>Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Journal</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>59</volume>
          <fpage>67</fpage>
          <lpage>76</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B23">
        <label>23.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Кауркин</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Ибраев</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>К. П.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Усвоение данных АРГО в модель динамики океана с высоким разрешением по методу ансамблевой оптимальной интерполяции (EnOI)</article-title>
          <source>Океанология</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>56</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>852</fpage>
          <lpage>860</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="edn">XGWBON</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S0030157416060058</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B24">
        <label>24.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Good</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The Current Configuration of the OSTIA System for Operational Production of Foundation Sea Surface Temperature and Ice Concentration Analyses</article-title>
          <source>Remote Sensing</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>720</fpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="edn">BWGEDA</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/rs12040720</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B25">
        <label>25.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Melsom</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Palerme</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name>
            <name><surname>Müller</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Validation metrics for ice edge position forecasts</article-title>
          <source>Ocean Science</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>15</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>615</fpage>
          <lpage>630</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/os-15-615-2019</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B26">
        <label>26.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Fanjul</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <source>Implementing operational ocean monitoring and forecasting systems</source>
          <publisher-loc>Paris, France</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>IOC-UNESCO</publisher-name>
          <year>2022</year>
          <size units="pages">376</size>
          <comment>(GOOS-275)</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48670/ETOOFS</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B27">
        <label>27.</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name><surname>Kalnay</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Review article: Towards strongly coupled ensemble data assimilation with additional improvements from machine learning</article-title>
          <source>Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>30</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>217</fpage>
          <lpage>236</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="edn">LRCCPV</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/npg-30-217-2023</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
